Plague Pipeline

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All twenty-one programmes. A ticker and price appear only when a listed company owns or runs the candidate. Open any row for the full pipeline note.

Updates daily · Sanofi close 7 Oct 2026, 16:00 EDT · 1 listed · 20 not listed

01EV76-NIIEGLicensed · Phase 4Live attenuated Y. pestis, the NIIEG line of the EV strain. It is scratched into the skin, not injected as a modern protein shot. Russia and Kazakhstan still use it for laboratory staff and people in enzootic areas, and Mongolia has run campaigns since 2002. Protection fades, so people are revaccinated, and it is more convincing against bubonic than pneumonic disease. It is reactogenic, and it is not approved in the United States or the European Union. The briefing counts it as one of the six already in humans, and keeps it separate from the one new-generation licence.Not listedRussia & China — state programmes
02PMMM — microencapsulated rF1 + rVMarketing authorisationMicroencapsulated recombinant F1, the capsule, plus recombinant V antigen (LcrV). One subcutaneous dose. Russian registration LP-004808, marketing authorisation in April 2024, made at the State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in Obolensk. This is the only new-generation product in the set with a licence. That licence is Russian. It is not an FDA or EMA approval.Not listedRussia — State Res. Ctr. for Applied Microbiology
03rF1V + CpG 1018Phase 2 · enrolled Q3 2025The US Department of Defense antigen is an F1–V fusion first made at USAMRIID. Dynavax mixed it with CpG 1018, a TLR9 adjuvant also used in the licensed hepatitis B vaccine Heplisav-B, under a DoD award of about $22 million announced in 2021. Dynavax is the sponsor of the Phase 2 records NCT05506969 and NCT07207408. The later trial started enrollment on 11 September 2025 in adults 18 to 55, aimed at pneumonic plague after aerosol exposure. Sanofi bought Dynavax for $15.50 a share; the deal closed in February 2026 and DVAX was delisted. DoD still funds the work.Sanofi Nasdaq:SNY$40.20+0.64 (+1.62%)Last close on file. Sanofi bought Dynavax in February 2026. Dynavax supplied CpG 1018 and this rF1V candidate, then left the Nasdaq. Its last print was $15.50 on 9 February 2026. The US Department of Defense still funds the trial.
04Native F1 + rV in alumPhase 2a → Phase 2bNative F1 plus recombinant V, adsorbed on alum. Run by the Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products with the Jiangsu CDC. A Phase 2a enrolled about 240 people, and a Phase 2b is comparing two regimens. It is in humans and is not a marketed product in this briefing. Lanzhou sits inside China National Biotec Group, part of the unlisted state parent. Hong Kong-listed Sinopharm Group (1099) is a distributor, not the maker.Not listedLanzhou Institute of Biological Products sits inside China National Biotec Group, part of the state Sinopharm parent. That parent is not quoted. Hong Kong-listed Sinopharm Group (1099) distributes medicines; it does not make this vaccine.
05ChAdOx1 Plague (F1 + V)Phase 1 · n=40A replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus, ChAdOx1, carrying genes for F1 and V. It is the same vector family as Oxford’s COVID-19 vaccine. This trial is not AstraZeneca’s: the sponsor is the University of Oxford and the funder is Innovate UK. Phase 1 in about 40 healthy adults, protocol OVG 2019/05, registry ISRCTN41077863, opened in July 2021. One or two intramuscular doses. No marketing authorisation.Not listedUK — Innovate UK (UKRI), Oxford Vaccine Group
06rF1V + flagellin adjuvantPhase 1An NIH / NIAID programme. Flagellin, a bacterial protein that triggers TLR5, is fused to F1 and V and given as two intramuscular doses. The Phase 1 trial NCT01381744 ran from 2012 to 2014 and found dose-dependent antibodies and no vaccine-related serious adverse events. The briefing still files it as Phase 1. It is not licensed, and no company owns it.Not listedUS — NIH / NIAID
07F1 mRNA-LNP — single dosePreclinical · bubonicTel Aviv University and the Israel Institute for Biological Research, which sits under the Prime Minister’s Office. One mRNA construct for a redesigned F1 capsule antigen, inside a lipid nanoparticle. A 2023 mouse study reported complete survival after a single dose in a bubonic model. It has not entered human trials. There is no listed company on the programme.Not listedIsrael — IIBR (Prime Minister's Office) + Tel Aviv Univ.
08Bivalent F1 + LcrV mRNA-LNPPreclinical · pneumonicThe same Israeli groups, with two mRNAs rather than one: F1 and LcrV, including an antibody-Fc design meant to improve the response. An April 2025 paper reported protection of mice against pneumonic challenge with two wild-type strains and a strain that makes no F1 capsule. Still preclinical. It is the second of the three RNA programmes in the set.Not listedIsrael — IIBR (Prime Minister's Office) + Tel Aviv Univ.
09Self-amplifying RNA-LNP, F1 + VPreclinical · bubonicImperial College London. Self-amplifying RNA in lipid nanoparticles, encoding F1 and V. The RNA copies itself inside the cell, so a smaller amount of RNA can drive antigen production. Two doses. Mice were challenged with a Madagascar clinical isolate in a bubonic model, reported in 2023. Still animals only. Imperial is a university, not a listed company.Not listedUK — Imperial College London
10Ad5-YFV — YscF / F1 / LcrVPreclinical · primatesUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory. A human adenovirus 5 vector that carries three antigens at once: YscF, a protein from the needle of the type III secretion system, plus F1 and LcrV. The construct is described as needle-free and adjuvant-free. In the reported study, every macaque challenged by aerosol survived. The briefing dates the work to 2016–2021. It is not in human trials here.Not listedUS — UTMB Galveston National Laboratory
11CO92 ΔlppΔmsbBΔail / Δpla (LMA, LMP)Preclinical · pneumonicAlso at UTMB. Live Y. pestis CO92 weakened by deleting lpp, msbB, and ail (LMA), or those genes plus pla (LMP). The strains were cleared from animals in 12 to 24 hours, and they stayed avirulent even when the animals were overloaded with iron, a test that can reveal leftover virulence. Preclinical, pneumonic model, 2015–2016.Not listedUS — UTMB Galveston
12CO92 Δpgm / ΔpPst · ΔyscNPreclinical · aerosolUSAMRIID at Fort Detrick, reported in 2021. Two other ways of weakening CO92: removing the pigmentation locus or the pPst plasmid, and deleting yscN, which the type III secretion system needs. The briefing records full protection of mice after both an injection under the skin and an aerosol challenge. Still preclinical. The laboratory is Department of Defense, not a public company.Not listedUS — USAMRIID, Fort Detrick
13EV76-B-SHUΔplaPreclinical · intratrachealA Chinese derivative of the old EV76 live vaccine. The plasminogen activator gene pla is deleted to cut residual virulence. It was tested by putting bacteria into the trachea, a lung model, in a 2020 report. Preclinical. State institutes, no listing.Not listedChina — state institutes
14VTnF1 — oral, single dosePreclinical · both formsInstitut Pasteur. One oral dose of an encapsulated Y. pseudotuberculosis that carries the caf operon, so it displays the Y. pestis F1 capsule without being plague itself. The programme is aimed at both bubonic and pneumonic disease. Reports run from 2015 to 2020. Preclinical. Pasteur is a foundation, not a stock.Not listedFrance — Institut Pasteur
15Outer-membrane vesicles + modified LPSPreclinical · pneumonicAcademic work in China. Outer-membrane vesicles from a remodelled Y. pseudotuberculosis that expresses V antigen. The lipopolysaccharide on the vesicles is altered so they are less toxic. Pneumonic mouse model, 2022. Preclinical, and the briefing does not name a company.Not listedChina — academic
16Salmonella Typhimurium — F1 / Psn / VPreclinicalA US academic oral vaccine. Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium carrying F1, the iron receptor Psn, and V. The briefing says protection was strong when the challenge was injected, and weaker when it was an aerosol. The papers span 2004 to 2016. Preclinical. No listed developer is named.Not listedUS — academic
17F. tularensis LVS — F1 / LcrV + anthrax PAPreclinical · respiratoryA US academic construct. The live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis, itself an old and reactogenic tularemia vaccine, engineered to also express Y. pestis F1 and LcrV plus anthrax protective antigen. One bacterium aimed at three Tier-1 agents. Tested in a respiratory model in 2018. Preclinical.Not listedUS — academic
18Bacteriophage T4 nanoparticle — F1-V + PAPreclinical · pneumonicA US academic particle. Bacteriophage T4 decorated with an F1–V fusion and anthrax protective antigen, designed to work without a separate adjuvant. Pneumonic mouse model, 2018. A dual anthrax and plague concept, still preclinical, with no named public company.Not listedUS — academic
19Polyanhydride nanovaccine — rF1VPreclinical · pneumonicA US academic intranasal shot. Recombinant F1V displayed on biodegradable polyanhydride nanoparticles, given once in the nose with a cyclic dinucleotide adjuvant. Pneumonic model, 2019. Preclinical. No listing.Not listedUS — academic
20DNA fusion vaccine — anthrax / plaguePreclinical · aerosolUSAMRIID, 2012. DNA encoding a fused anthrax and plague antigen, coated onto gold and driven into skin with a gene gun. Animals were challenged by aerosol. The programme stayed preclinical. Fort Detrick is a defense laboratory, not a quoted company.Not listedUS — USAMRIID, Fort Detrick
21Peptidoglycan-free bacterial ghostsPreclinicalThe same Obolensk center that makes PMMM. Bacterial envelopes emptied with a phage lysis system, then stripped of peptidoglycan so the shells are less inflammatory. Reported in 2022. The briefing does not name the animal model. Preclinical, and the center is a state institute, not a stock.Not listedRussia — State Res. Ctr. for Applied Microbiology